Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Jinnah Briefly Essay Example for Free

Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Jinnah Briefly Essay Quaid-E-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was conceived Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 †11 September 1948).He was a legal advisor, legislator, and the author of Pakistan. Jinnah filled in as pioneer of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistans autonomy on 14 August 1947, and as Pakistans first Governor-General from freedom until his passing. He is adored in Pakistan as Quaid-I-Azam (Great Leader) and Baba-I-Qaum (Father of the Nation). His birthday is seen as a national occasion. By 1940, Jinnah had come to accept that Indian Muslims ought to have their own state. In that year, the Muslim League, drove by Jinnah, passed the Lahore Resolution, requesting a different country. During the Second World War, the League picked up quality while pioneers of the Congress were detained, and in the races held not long after the war, it won a large portion of the seats saved for Muslims. Eventually, the Congress and the Muslim League couldn't arrive at a force sharing equation for an assembled India, driving all gatherings to consent to isolate freedom for a predominately Hindu India, and for a Muslim-larger part state, to be called Pakistan. As the main Governor-General of Pakistan, Jinnah attempted to set up the new countries government and arrangements, and to help the a large number of Muslim vagrants who had emigrated from the new country of India to Pakistan after the parcel. As a kid, Jinnah lived for a period in Bombay with an auntie and may have gone to the Gokal Das Tej Primary School. He picked up his registration from Bombay University at the secondary school. In his later years and particularly after his passing, countless anecdotes about the childhood of Pakistans originator were coursed: that he invested all his extra energy at the police court, tuning in to the procedures, and that he considered his books by the sparkle of road lights for absence of other enlightenment. Not long after his appearance in London, Jinnah surrendered the apprenticeship so as to examine law, maddening his dad, who had, before his takeoff, given him enough cash to live for a long time. The hopeful lawyer joined Lincolns Inn, later expressing that the explanation he picked Lincolns over different Inns of Court was that over the primary access to Lincolns Inn were the names of the universes incredible lawgivers, including Muhammad. During his understudy a long time in England, Jinnah was impacted by nineteenth century British progressivism, in the same way as other future Indian freedom pioneers. Disappointed with the law, Jinnah quickly set out on a phase profession with a Shakespearean organization, yet surrendered subsequent to accepting a harsh letter from his dad. In 1895, at age 19, he turned into the most youthful Indian to be called to the bar in England. Legitimate and early political vocation: Counselor: Aged twenty, Jinnah started his training in Bombay; the main Muslim lawyer in the city. English had become his main language and would remain so for a mind-blowing duration. His initial three years in the law, from 1897 to 1900, brought him not many briefs. In 1900, P. H. Dastoor, a Bombay administration officer, left the post briefly and Jinnah prevailing with regards to getting the between time position. After his half year arrangement period, Jinnah was offered a stable situation on a 1,500 rupee for every month compensation. Jinnah amiably declined the offer, expressing that he intended to win 1,500 rupees a dayâ€a enormous total at that timeâ€which he in the long run did. As a legal counselor, Jinnah picked up distinction for his gifted treatment of the 1907 Case†. One of Jinnahs individual lawyers from the Bombay High Court recollected that Jinnahs confidence in him was unfathomable; he reviewed that on being rebuked by an adjudicator with Mr. Jinnah, recollect that you are not tending to a second rate class justice Jinnah shot back My Lord, permit me to caution you that you are not tending to a second rate class pleader. Another of his kindred advodates portrayed him: He was what God made him, an incredible pleader. He had an intuition: he could see around corners. That is the place his abilities lay he was a stable person But he drove his focuses homeâ€points picked with choice selectionâ€slow conveyance, word by word. Come back to Politics: Jinnah (front, left) with the Working Committee of the Muslim League after a gathering in Luck now, October 1937. Starting in 1933, Indian Muslims, particularly from the United Provinces, started to ask Jinnah to come back to India and take up again his administration of the Muslim League, an association which had fallen into idleness. He stayed nominal leader of the League, however declined to head out to India to manage its 1933 meeting in April, composing that he couldn't in any way, shape or form return there until the year's end. Among the individuals who met with Jinnah to look for his arrival was Liaquat Ali Khan, who might be a significant political partner of Jinnah in the years to come and the main Prime Minister of Pakistan. At Jinnahs demand, Liaquat talked about the arrival with countless Muslim legislators and affirmed his proposal to Jinnah. In mid 1934, Jinnah migrated to the subcontinent, however he moved among London and India on business for the following hardly any years, selling his home in Hampstead and shutting his lawful practice in Britain. In the following two years, Jinnah attempted to manufacture support among Muslims for the League. He tied down the option to represent the Muslim-drove Bengali and Punjabi commonplace governments in the focal government in New Delhi (the Center). He attempted to extend the association, diminishing the expense of participation to two annas (â… › of a rupee), half of what it cost to join the Congress. He rebuilt the League along the lines of the Congress, placing most force in a Working Committee, which he selected. By December 1939, Liaquat evaluated that the League had 3,000,000 two-Anna individuals.

Romeo and Juliet Act3 Scene 1

What occurs in Act 3 Scene 1? It is a vital scene, a defining moment and it decides the remainder of the activity. It is a strained and energizing scene for the crowd and shocking simultaneously. In this scene, not long after Romeo and Juliet mystery marriage, Tybalt slaughters Mercutio and afterward Romeo executes Mercutio to deliver retribution. At that point, Romeo is exiled from Verona. Paragraph1: Why were pressure and fervor made? Mercutio isn't feeling acceptable yet he is in pugnacious mind-set, he appears angry.The crowd is set up for the way that a battle will happen (pressure and anticipation are assembled). He discloses to Mercutio that on the off chance that somebody is feeling terrible, everything even an immaterial reason will end to a battle. Benvolio is cautioning Mercutio that since it is a hot day he makes certain there will be a battle (and on the off chance that we meet we will not scape a fight Benvolio). He proposes Mercutio that they ought to return home. The solid utilization of jargon and representation here builds the strain. for the time being, these hot days, is the frantic blood mixing, Benvolio). We realize that a battle is inescapable. The utilization of imagery with awhiskers in facial hair, opening nuts and so forth make the crowd considerably increasingly stressed for what will occur after (thou, why, thou shrink squabble with a man that hath a hair less in his whiskers than thou hast, Mercutio). When Tybalt shows up, the climate promptly changes, getting a lot tenser, on account of his risky notoriety, yet he stays pleasant to Mercutio as Mercutio isn't his genuine target.Mercutio utilizes provocative language towards Tybalt and Tybalt responds along these lines (make it a word and a blow, Mercutio) (you will discover me well sufficiently suited to that sir, a you give me an explanation, Tybalt) Tybalt tells Mercutio with incongruity that he spends time with Romeo, so Mercutio blows up and undermines. It is clear that he won' t pull back calling him aa villaina (Romeoaâ ¦ thou craftsmanship a scoundrel, Tybalt). This is an extraordinary affront to Romeo who is of honorable birth. He attempts to stir something up with Romeo and he charges Romeo to threaten him in the expectation of stirring up some dust. The crowd receives negative emotions towards Tybalt.

Hide or Remove Label Status Message box from Blogger

Hide or Remove Label Status Message box from Blogger Google Blogger see a status message in their Blogger Template, when generally any user click on Blog label then it display like below. Showing posts with label ---------. Show all posts This message is not fit with all kinds of template design. And many Blog user don't like to see it appearing all the time at the top of the page. Because this line occupy an extra space above Blog Post title. On the other hand this status message is unnecessary. So those who would like to remove or hide this status message this tutorial might be helpful for them. Hiding the Status Message Those who are show 404 Error message in case of missing posts then they must use this message. Because Blogger use same data:navMessage variable for Label and 404 Error page. So to work those smoothly my recommendation is to hide the status message from Blogger label page. Step 1Log into yourBlogger accountand Go to yourBlogger Dashboard Step 2Clickon- Template - Edit HTML Step 3NowFind thebelow codeby pressing Ctrl+F body expr:class='quot;loadingquot; + data:blog.mobileClass' In case of Custom Blogger template find body Now add the below code above/before the above code b:if cond='data:blog.pageType == quot;indexquot;' b:if cond='data:blog.searchLabel' style .status-msg-wrap{display:none;} /style /b:if /b:if Removing the Status Message To remove the entire status message completely you can follow the below steps- Step 1Log into yourBlogger accountand Go to yourBlogger Dashboard Step 2Clickon- Template - Edit HTML Step 3NowFind thebelow codeby pressing Ctrl+F b:includable id='status-message' Step 4The complete code will be like below b:includable id='status-message' b:if cond='data:navMessage' div class='status-msg-wrap' div class='status-msg-body' data:navMessage/ div class='status-msg-border' div class='status-msg-bg' div class='status-msg-hidden'data:navMessage/ div style='clear: both;'/ /b:if /b:includable Step 5Nowreplace the above code block with below code block b:includable id='status-message' b:if cond='data:navMessage' div div style='clear: both;'/ /b:if /b:includable Step 6Finally hit the Save template button Now check your Blog and click on any Label and see the result. The status message box is not appearing.

Warming Up, Working Out, Cooling Down - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 522 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Assignment #5: Warming Up, Working Out,Cooling Down 1. List five warm-up activities that would be appropriate for the sport/activity you are doing. Warm-up activities that would be appropriate for running include slow jogging, walking lunges, power skipping, running carioca, and running butt kickers. 2. List five cool-down activities that would be appropriate for the sport/activity you are doing. Cool-down activities that would be appropriate for running include a jog, light walk, static stretching of major muscle groups, such as chest stretching, side bends, and abdominal and lower back muscles. . Describe how warming up makes physiological changes to your body and how it prepares your body for exercise. Physiological changes to the body would benefit preparation for body exercise through a warm-up where the body would be able to re-direct blood to the skeletal muscle in anticipation for exercise. 4. Describe how warming up can prepare you psychologically for a workout or ac tivity. Warming up can prepare me psychologically for a workout or activity since a well-planned and lengthy warm-up will prepare my body for peak performance both physiologically and psychologically. . Define cooling down, describe the purpose of cooling down, and how to know when you have successfully finished cooling down. Cooling down is gradually reducing the intensity of exercise for several minutes at the end of a session to stabilize the cardiovascular system after a workout. The cool down serves to gradually slow the heart rate and helps prevent pooling of the blood in the legs and feet. During exercise, the muscles squeeze the blood through the veins. This helps return the blood to the heart. After exercise, however, the muscles relax and no longer do this, and the blood can accumulate in the legs and feet. One should walk and stretch until their heart rate returns to less than 100 beats per minute and heavy sweating stops. 6. What differences in the warm-up process did you find between a dynamic warm-up and a traditional warm-up? With this in mind, explain what type of warm-up will you use and why. Attach an article or link that supports your decision. I found that the difference between a dynamic warm-up and a traditional warm-up consisted of the exercises rigor. I would use the dynamic stretches for warm-up and traditional stretches for cool-down. I believe that the use of dynamic stretches, the slow controlled movements through the full range of motion, are the most appropriate exercises for warming up. In contrast, I believe the traditional stretches are more appropriate for cooling down. An article/link that supports my decision: https://www. brianmac. co. uk/stretch. htm . On the dynamic exercise link, which exercises should you avoid if you have knee problems? What modifications could you make to stay safe? Neck problems? Modifications? If you have knee problems, it’s probably best to avoid dynamic stretches such as running high knees and power skips. To modify this stretch, it’s possible to tone down the rigor of the exercise by not doing such explosive movements. If you have neck problems, it’s best to avoid the lying scorpion exercise. This stretch could put unintended stress upon the neck. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Warming Up, Working Out, Cooling Down" essay for you Create order

Technology Is An Integral Part Of Education - 845 Words

In this present day of rapidly changing technology and transitioning education, our perception of learning and technology in the traditional way has to change. We as educators must adapt and make adjustments in a world that is constantly changing. I believe that technology is an integral part of society and it is here to stay; therefore, it should be an integral part of education. For that reason, schools must introduce the use of technology into learning assignments by any means necessary including professional development opportunities where teachers can learn how to use it to enrich and improve learning. Research has shown that students learn differently based on individual learning styles; for that reason, the use of technology and gaming can play a significant role in this process Therefore, educational games should be included as a viable teaching strategy to motivate students, to keep students engaged, and to increase academic achievement. Computer games are frequently used in education as a way to enhance the learning process. For this reason, instructional and educational games are being used more and more by teachers. According to Mind/ Shift: Guide to Digital Games + Learning online report, there are four types of positive influences of video games identified for the students who actively use them: cognitive, motivational, emotional, and social. Furthermore, using video games in the classroom has been shown to improve attention, focus, and reaction time. ThereShow MoreRelatedEssay on Technology Past and Present1198 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology Past and Present Abstract Computers are in most schools in the United States. Most states have addressed the need to adopt technology standards in curriculum. As the spotlight focuses on technology integration and academic achievement, school districts are focusing on staff development as an integral part of the technology integration process. The role of computers in the classroom has changed from a support tool for basic skills and content using tutorial and remediationRead MoreA Conceptual Definition Model For Advanced Practice Nursing907 Words   |  4 Pagesnurse. The use of core competencies is an integral part of delivering standardized, measurable, quality healthcare in this day and age. Informatics is a relatively new addition to the APN, and nursing education but an integral part of delivering quality healthcare to patients. In 2010, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) mandated that nurses be key players in transforming and developing the infrastructure that is needed for efficient health information technology (HIT), thus, improving the quality ofRead MoreThe Societal Influences on the Educational Impact of Students731 Words   |  3 PagesThe societal influences on the educational impact of students are numerous. Two of the most important are income inequality and technology Income inequality and the effects on education have been at the heart of a contentious debate. As researcher Sean Reardon of Stanford University, explained recently in The New York Times: â€Å"We have moved from a society in the 1950s and 1960s, in which race was more consequential than family income, to one today in which family income appears more determinativeRead More The Case for Technology Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pages Technology permeates our society. In work settings, employees are expected to use computers for such tasks as communication, information management, problem-solving, and information seeking. Because technology is such an integral part of modern life, it behooves educators to prepare learners to use it effectively. Technology also has a role in the instructional process for it can serve as a means of supporting and enhancing instruction. Based on an analysis of the literature, Hopey (1998) notedRead MoreThe Contributions Of Immigrants From The American Economy1569 Words   |  7 Pagesincreasing each and everyday. However, can we then ask ourselves about what contribution immigrants make on the American economy? The existence of immigrants in the United states has led to a massive development of our culture, economy, technology and our education. The first to talk about is Culture: In the issue of culture, immigrants play a significant role of bringing diversities to the American culture. Though immigrants may not have all the creative skills and the artistic skill for developingRead MoreTechnology As An Instructional Tool910 Words   |  4 Pagesis how educators feel about technology usage and specifically how they feel about using technology as a teaching strategy. I know that in order to be successful in learning, students must be motivated. If students are not motivated they may not stay engaged and could become disinterested in the learning process and using technology as a teaching strategy is just one way this goal can be achieved. Therefore, I chose the article, Teachers’ perspective on using technology as an instructional tool. TheRead MoreTechnology Impact On Society1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe technology used in society is regularly changing and developing in a way that forces a push of usage in all aspects of life. This technological growth happening in the world is increasingly rapid, with new advancements being made with each passing day. It has become an integral part in almost e very person’s live, whether they realize it or not. Many find these technological advances to be beneficial and necessary to life, while some see it as simply a distraction. Whatever opinion held, it canRead MoreThe Main Causes And Effects Of A Country s Economic Success?894 Words   |  4 Pagesproductions. For some developing country, financial is the most essential while other developed countries which have enough money mostly focused on education and technology. However, government plan is a guideline leading countries to be success. This essay firstly examines causes of success; Government plan, investment, infrastructure, education and technology followed by the effect, which is a continuous transaction of economic success. According to Thailand, a developing country which was rapidlyRead MoreEducation is Necessary for Society to Function Essay562 Words   |  3 PagesEducation is a powerful tool that supplies a plethora of information to anyone who is willing to learn. There are many degrees to being an educated person as education begins at birth and ends at death. Without education, society as a whole would seize to exist; the knowledge to invent new drugs to cure different diseases would not be available, new societies would not be built, and technology could not move forward. Education supplies people with the morals, beliefs, skills, and knowledge thatRead MoreThe Process Of Learning Process Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pagesto incorporate education with education without compromising content. Buckingham and Scanlon (2000) refer to this as â€Å"Edu-tainment†, which is dependent on visual material, narrative or game-like formats, and on less formal and didactic styles of address as those used in HeLa, Hamilton and, ‘Thug notes.’ All these three examples aim at educating while entertaining. They will form part an integral part of this discussion on education and entertainment. Firstly, learning is an integral activity and life

The Japanese Avant Garde Fashion - 2099 Words

The Japanese Avant-garde fashion began by three Japanese fashion designers; Issey Miyake, Rei Kawakubo, and Yohji Yamamoto. They are the founders of this new creative fashion style. Then, what is Avant Garde fashion? It is also called Anti-fashion (a willful avant-garde desire to destroy â€Å"Fashion†) (Gill 26). As the ‘Anti’ in their name suggests, this fashion style has a really distinctive and unique contrast with other fashion movements. Avant-garde fashion designers do not concentrate on an ordinary human body form, and they design clothes without this conventional rule. So, how was it started and what is the main factor of this fashion style? The main keys and inspirations for this new kind of fashion movement for these Japanese designers are Deconstructionism-the Western philosophical movement that began in Paris-, and the Kimono-the traditional costume of Japan-. Deconstructionism was first introduced by the philosopher Jacques Derrida in the 1960’s. â€Å"It is a theory of literary criticism that questions traditional assumptions about certainty, identity, and truth; asserts that words can only refer to other words; and attempts to demonstrate how statements about any text subvert their own meanings† (Mastin). It is used in fashion to â€Å"suspend in paradox the formation/ wear/decay of clothing, a paradox imbued in Jacques Derrida’s inserted and privative â€Å"de-† of deconstruction† (Gill 28). Deconstructionist fashion is an â€Å"un-doing† of ordinary fashion. Eventually,Show MoreRelatedThe Fashion Designer Who Showed Avant Garde Fashion1186 Words   |  5 Pages All of these Japanese fashion designers, Issey Miyake, Rei Kawakubo, and Yohji Yamamoto passed the same time period in Japan. Though they have their own styles and differences among them, these fashion designers pursued the same philo sophy of 1980’s deconstructionism to create avant-garde fashion. And that is certainly evident in each of their Paris collections, especially their debut shows. Through this fashion style, â€Å"Issey Miyake, Rei Kawakubo of Comme des Garcons and Yohji Yamamoto are consideredRead MoreDesigner Yohi Yamamoto1820 Words   |  7 PagesConsidered a poet of craftsmanship and clothing, Japanese designer Yohji Yamamoto revolutionized the Western industry as the innovator of â€Å"anti-fashion,† an experimenter in Avant-Garde, and a philosopher of subversive thought. Leading in the ‘new wave’ of 80s Japan fashion alongside Rei Kawakubo, Issey Miyake and other designers, Yamamoto marked a brand that was inherently defiant and acutely fluid, putting pieces on the runway that accentuated the space between fabric and skin rather than condensedRead MoreHow Fashion Is Seen as a Performative Art1084 Words   |  5 Pages| The Idea of Fashion as a Performance | Yashika Makan | This essay refers to certain articles and talks about fashion and how it can be a performance art, and how certain components relate to it to enhance and back up the idea that fashion is a performative art. | Can fashion be considered as a performative art or not? In my essay I will be referring to two main sources that indicate that it can be a performative art, showing a connectionRead MoreCinema As An Entity Deeply Embodied974 Words   |  4 Pageswas in its nature.’ As the film begins, we are stationed in Marseille and the opening scene is a close-up of Michel in typical gangster fashion from the clothes to the cigarette on his mouth and this evokes the film noir genre. Godard quickly switches from the film noir theme based Hollywood filmmaking style in the middle of the sequence to a very much avant-garde approach in the Nationale 7 sequence of the film when Michel is escaping from Marseille in the car he stole, which is stark contrast betweenRead MoreBlade Runner Analysis1228 Words   |  5 Pagessets of levels, the city level and  street level. The city level/high level has many layers. There are  monolithic buildings, all quite closely crowded together. There are  also very huge advertising products, one of the main advertisements is  one of a Japanese women advertising sweet meat. These adverts look  like they are from the future as they are all video clips and the  graphics are very modern. There are also cigarette adverts and mobile  adverts. This almost makes all the people feel alienated fromRead More How did pop art challenge beleifs in consumerism Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pagesnot until ‘1939’ the summer of his last year at high school that he enrolled in art classes in the Art Students League run by a man called Reginald Marsh. Liechtenstein’s influences regarding his painting style at this time had been the European avant-garde artists such as Picasso. These cubist and expressionist styles were rejected buy by Marsh who favoured painting the masses of New York life such as carnival scenes, boxing matches and the subways catching the detail in fleeting brush strokes, inRead MoreChinas Fast Entry into the Fashion World after the 20th Century1825 Words   |  7 PagesChina’s fast entry into Fashion World after the 20th Century The dawn of the 20th century brought in many challenges in China such as cultural, political, economic, and social. The social changes increased its push after the 1911 revolution which caused in the passing of the Qing Empire. Social improvement led to amendment in dress codes as well. The head shaving and queue (long plait) men had been compulsory to wear, to validate their subservience, gradually vanished. The practice of foot compulsoryRead MoreThe Real Harajuku1943 Words   |  8 PagesThe Real Harajuku: Japanese Youth’s Unique Self-Expression Years ago, a group of Japanese young people started hanging out at the Harajuku district. These trendsetting youth go there with their unexplainable fashion sense (Bartlett). The Harajuku fashion is just really so different because anything can be possible (Craft 26) and it is all about â€Å"creativity, theatricality, style, confidence, looking cute, and mixing and matching† (Knight). This was all made possible due to the fact that the youthRead MoreCommes Des Garcons Brand2921 Words   |  12 PagesJune 2009 Introduction The current paper discusses how and why a particular brand functions as a cultural resource and how companies benefit from this brand functioning as a cultural resource. The brand selected for the discussion is the Japanese fashion line Comme des Garà §ons. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part defines the concept of ‘cultural resource’ from the branding perspective and prepares ground for the argumentation by referring specifically to the readings fromRead More Spirituality and John Coltrane Essay3937 Words   |  16 Pagesstars John Lennon and Yoko Ono even had sessions with Janov that resulted in Lennons masterpiece, John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (1970). With Ascension, Coltrane vaulted himself into jazzs avant-garde. Coltrane had previously dabbled in the avant-garde on an album aptly titled The Avant-Garde (1960), on which he is co-billed with Don Cherry, Ornette Colemans trumpet player. Though Coltrane doesnt seem comfortable with his playing on this album, the album is an interesting look into the

Present Case That While Violet Is A Partner -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Present Case That While Violet Is A Partner? Answer: Introducation Issue: An analysis of the facts that are present in this question reveals the issue if the law allows Friendly Bank to the loan from Violet and Sonny. That was given to Busy Bee Florist Shop. For this purpose, it needs to be seen if both of them can be treated as the partners of Busy Bee Florist Shop. Rule: The legal provisions that Ireland in the present case include section 1 of the Partnership Act. It has been provided by the Partnership Act that there are three elements that should be present in order to describe the relationship between the parties as a partnership. Hence if the parties are carrying on a business; in common; and for making a profit, the relationship between the parties can be mentioned as a partnership. On the other hand, even if one of these elements is not present, the relationship will not be considered by the law as it was mentioned. For deciding the question if the parties are 'carrying on a business' , it is required to be considered if there is some repetitiveness of action or even if a single action can also be sufficient in this regard. In a number of decisions that have been given by the courts on this issue, it has been stated by the courts that it is necessary that there should be some repetitiveness of action or continuity of action. An example i n this regard can be given of Smith v Anderson, 1880. In this case, a group of depositors had made a decision to purchase the shares of different submarine cable companies. For this purpose, they have formed the trust. The trustees sold his shares these investors and provided them with certificates. Under the circumstances, the court was required to determine if this trust, amounts to a partnership or not. For deciding this issue, the court decided to look at the nature of the business and also the relationship that was present among the parties who were involved in the trust. In particular, the court noted the fact that the trustees have not been provided with the authority to speculate. In the same way, the trustees did not have mutual rights and obligations. In view of all these facts, and keeping in mind the nature of the trust, a conclusion was made by the court that the present case the trust cannot be described as a partnership. The reason behind this decision of the court wa s that there was no association present between the parties that can be described as 'carrying on business'. The Partnership Act also provides the rules that can be used in order to decide if the relationship of the parties can be mentioned as a partnership. However, it is worth mentioning at this point that the decision if a particular relationship can be described as a partner cannot be made only by applying these rules. As a result, these rules alone cannot provide the basis for making the decision regarding a relationship to be termed as a partnership. Hence, the law requires that the court should consider all the circumstances that are present regarding the agreement concluded between the parties. As a result, the court has to find out the real substance of such an agreement (Canny Gabriel Castle Advertising Pty Ltd Anor v Volume Sales (Finance) Pty Ltd., 1974). In the same way, the express, as well as the implied the intention of the parties is also important in this regard. For example, the court has stated in Wiltshire v Kuenzli, 1945 that it was the intention of the parties to do everything which makes them partners and as a result, the intention of going to which the parties should not be treated as partners, was invalid. In the same way, in Stekel v Ellice (1973), the defendant was an employee in an accounting firm belonging to the plaintiff. It was mentioned in the first agreement created between the parties in 1969, that the plaintiff was going to become a salaried partner and he will be given a salary. It was also mentioned that another agreement will be created by the parties. According to the segment, the plaintiff was going to become a full partner. It was also mentioned between the parties that the term of employment was in 1969. Similarly, only the defendant was going to be liable for the losses of the business. The latest agreement was never created by the parties, and they continued to operate in the same way till August, 1970 when the relationship between the parties broke down. The traditional left the business and also sought a declaration acc ording to which the partnership has ended and the court should order the partnership to be wound up. After going through all the facts of the case, the court arrived at the conclusion that the relationship between the parties was a partnership and it continued even if the parties have not entered into an exclusive agreement (Exparte Coral Investments Pty Ltd., 1979). Another relevant provision is also present in the partnership Act. According to section 2(3) of the Act, it has to be treated as a prima facie proof of the fact regarding the presence of a partnership, when a person receives a share of the profit made by the business. However, it also needs to be mentioned that only the fact of sharing the profit made by the business or by receiving payment. That has been generated on the basis of the profit made by the business is not the only effect on the basis of which it can be claimed that such person is a partner in the business (Television Broadcasters Ltd v Ashtons Nominees Pty Ltd., 1979). In this regard, sometimes it difficulty may be present due to the fact that the term 'evidence' has been qualified by using the term 'prima facie'. Therefore, in view of this, it can be concluded that when a profit-sharing scheme is present, it can be considered as evidence suggesting the existence of a partnership, but a person cannot be termed as a part ner only due to the fact that the person shares the profit made by the business. In this regard an important case is of Cox v Hickman (1880). Application: In this case, the Smiths were trading as partners. However, after some time, the company fell prey to financial difficulties. As a result, B. and J. Smith entered into an agreement with their creditors. It was mentioned in this agreement that the business was going to be assigned to the creditors. The creditors will allow the carry on the business under new name. Similarly, the agreement provided that the profit made by the business was going to be divided among all the creditors. According to this agreement, when the creditors have been repaid in full, they will return the business to business to the Smiths. Under these circumstances, two of the creditors were appointed as trustees, Cox and Wheatcroft. However, Cox did not act as the trustee and similarly Wheatcroft also acted in this position for a brief period. After Wheatcroft left his position as the trustee, the other trustees incur some debts, and they also drawn some bills of exchange to Hickman. In such circumstances, Hickma n applied to the court as he wanted that Wheatcroft and Cox should go to the liability for these bills. However, after considering all the facts, the decision of the court was that Wheatcroft and Cox were never mentioned as partners. At the same time, Hickman did not have any knowledge regarding the presence of the deed. Therefore, the court stated that Wheatcroft and Cox cannot be held liable for these debts even if they were sharing the profit. The court relied on the fact that only due to the reason that they were receiving a share from the profit of the business, it cannot be concluded that both of them should be treated as partners. The fact was noted by the court that the arrangement according to which the profit of the business was to be used for repaying the old debts and the creditors agreed to give up their right of the page from the capital of the business, it cannot be said that there was a partnership for the third parties who were not aware of the deed. The Partnership Act also provides that only on the basis of the fact the receiving debt at the liquidited demand from the profit earned by the business. It cannot be claimed that the person has to be treated as a partner. This rule is based on the judgment of the court delivered in Cox v Hickman (1860). On the other hand, when certain circumstances are present, due to which, it becomes clear that in reality the relationship was a partnership, the law provides that the lender can be treated as a partner irrespective of the intention that has been mentioned by the parties. Conclusion: Under these circumstances, in the present case also, by applying the legal rules that are present in the partnership Act, it is clear that Violet can be considered as a partner of Busy Bee Florist Shop. This conclusion can be drawn even if the agreement made between the parties provides that the lender (Violet) is not going to be treated as a partner in the business. However, the same conclusion cannot be made regarding Sonny. As a result, it cannot be concluded that Sonny is also a partner in Busy Bee Florist Shop. This conclusion has been made in the present case on the basis of the fact that according to the law of partnership, it has been mentioned that although the fact that a person receives a share out of the profit of the business but only on the basis of this fact, a conclusion cannot be drawn that the person needs to be treated as a partner (Badeley v Consolidated Bank, 1888). Therefore even if the person may be receiving a share, from the profit of the business or a paymen t that is based on the profit of the business, it cannot be concluded that such person is a partner only due to this fact alone. Hence, the law of partnership provides that the contract for remuneration that is going to be provided to servant or an agent as a share, from the profit of the business does not necessarily mean that such person is a partner and as a result, liable for the debts of the partnership. Therefore it is clear in the present case that while Violet is a partner, Sonny is only a creditor. References Badeley v Consolidated Bank (1888) 38 Ch D 238 Canny Gabriel Castle Advertising Pty Ltd Anor v Volume Sales (Finance) Pty Ltd (1974) 131 CLR 321 Cox v Hickman (1880) 8 HL Cas 268 Exparte Coral Investments Pty Ltd [1979] Qd R 292 Re Ruddock (1879) 5 VLR 51 (IP M) 51 Smith v Anderson (1880) 15 Ch D 247 Stekel v Ellice [1973] 1 WLR 191 Television Broadcasters Ltd v Ashtons Nominees Pty Ltd (No 1) (1979) 22 SASR 552 Wiltshire v Kuenzli (1945) 63 WN 47

Amazon Strategic Analysis Essays

Amazon Strategic Analysis Essays Amazon Strategic Analysis Essay Amazon Strategic Analysis Essay The overview of Amazon. com Amazon. com is an e-commerce company from America. The company was found by Jeff Bezos in 1994 and was one of the first major companies to sell goods on the Internet. It began as a solely online bookstore. With years of successful development its main business diversified into many other products and services in a wide range. Today Amazon. com has become one of the biggest online retailers and web services provider in the world. The chart below shows the financial performance of Amazon in recent years.From 2007 to 2011, the revenue increased dramatically in contrast with the net income. According the latest data revealed, by the end of 2012, Amazon’s revenue was over 61 billion US dollars. Under the strategy of internalization Amazon. com has developed separate websites for Canada, UK, Germany, France, China and so on. It also has many customer service centers and fulfillment warehouses in many countries. Figure 1 [pic] Source from: http://healthcare. globaldata. com/expertinsightdetails. aspx? prid=985 This report is divided into a few sections.The first section is to analyze Amazon’s strategic position through a deep research of its external environment. In this section, approaches like PESTLE and Porter’s Five Force Model are deployed to find out Amazon’s competitive environment. The second section is to investigate the internal environment of the company. The SWOT analysis tool will be used to present a clear picture of the company and its performance. The third section introduces the business model of Amazon and shows how the company performed in recent years and gets the strategic position of the company.In the last section, all these analysis above are used to evaluate the suitability of Amazon’s corporate strategy, some real business cases and literature reviews are involved to get best criteria. The main purpose of this report is construct a link between the business environment and the strategy employed. To avoid the confusions brought from multiple markets and segments, in this report the strategy we analyzed will be in a corporate level. Considering the access to information and case timeliness, the time frame will be focus on 2007 to 2012. 1. 2 Amazon’s business model and primary businessAs the pioneer on the Internet and online retailer, Amazon faced large potential opportunities and rapidly growing markets. In the beginning of 21 century, Amazon joined the booming of Internet industry with other great organizations like Google and Yahoo and launched to a rapidly expanding. Benefits from upsurge of internet sector stocks, Amazon raised a large amount of cash from share market and this ensured its expansion over the world. In addition, compared to traditional retailing, Amazon’s business model had clear competitive advantages, such as more reasonable price, more purchase convenience and larger variety of products.Furthermore, Amazon also clearly secured the first-mover advantage. It has best reputation on the book retailing, mature logistic and supply chain, and large database and so on. In addition, Amazon’s business model was varying diversified due to its media channels; it could easily expand its product ranges to other products. The amazon. com business model assumes that the expanding number of Internet users will create a new mass market with value low prices and convenience. And they will shop for a large number of their needs using the computer. By removing the overheads of a traditional bricks-and-mortar store amazon. om is able to reduce the costing and so charge customers at lower prices. Amazon has three main distinct businesses: Amazon retail; Amazon marketplace and Amazon web services (Edwards, Lisa, 2013). Amazon retail started from online bookstore and then expanded to many other products like electronics. Amazon marketplace is a third-party selling platform which allows individuals to sell goods and services online. Moreover, this online marketplace also has some other functions like fulfillment and Amazon check out, which is similar with the PayPal. Amazon web service is an integration of leveraged technology developed by Amazon.They are mainly based on its online retail platform and offer customers web services like Amazon Cloudwatch and Amazon CloudFront. In the environment analysis (PESTLE and Porter’s Five Forces) we mainly focus on Amazon retail business. Strategic position of Amazon The external environment is referred as the macro-environment. This includes the broad environmental factors which affects organizations at various levels. It is important to consider the potential impact of the external factors on the individual organizations (Johnsonet al, 2006, P65).To have a deeply understanding on Amazon’s strategic position, we firstly analyze its external environment of the company through the PESTEL model. Jeff Bezos, CEO and founder of Amazon, his expectation to his company is not just profits. According to the mission statement of the group, customer centric and technological innovation seems to be the priorities of his business. Amazon desires to be Earth’s most customer centric company. And this determines that Amazon’s strategic position will be more concentrate on the growth of the group and enable it to be a great enterprise rather than a money maker. . 1 PESTLE analysis PESTEL analysis is used to identify how future trends in the political, economical, social, technological environments might influence an organization (Johnsonet al, P65). Those drivers of change in these aspects will be found out and their impacts on more than the industry will be identified. Political factors: Promotions from government are essential to the Internet industry. From 21 century, the USA government started high investment to the national infrastructures and this leads to the boom of the development of Internet industry over the world.This stimulates the number of personal computers and connection with networks globally. More and more people around the world today have opportunities to shopping on the internet and spend hours of their daily time on it. The construction of network and increasing transportation between countries means that a consumer from UK could choose purchase goods from an American online retailer. The telecom liberalization promotes faster and better access for national users to websites in other countries. And with the spread of the construction of Internet, more and more consumers from developing countries have chances to browse the Amazon. om and purchase on it. This has positive impacts on Amazon’s globalization and international expansion. However, restrictive policies in some countries may limit the operation of the Amazon especially in international expansion. For example, Google. com is banned in China since governmental decision arguing that it threats the community and national market with inappropriate content. Some region protective polices also pose obstacles for Amazon in its international expansion. These problems need been taken consideration in Amazon’s globalization strategy and should been avoided.Economic factors One significant benefit brought from the economy development is the increasing disposable income in recent decades. Even though the world economy was attacked by the financial crisis and downturn, the developing countries, mainly China and India, provide more potential and real purchasing power for the e-retailing industry. Amazon. com had expanded its business into these two countries with insufficient attention. The strategy direction under this trend is recommended that to put more attention for those growing markets and to adjust their marketing strategies.The fluctuant interest rate is another factor effecting Amazon’s business and profits. Today the credit card use is more and more popular and more acceptable by e-retailing merchants. Meanwhile the installment is welcome to those consumers who have less cash. When consumers decide to pay in installment, they usually have to pay extra fees in a fixed interest rate which refer to the current bank rate. Therefore the changing interest rate could obviously influence consumers’ outcome and profits of merchants. For Amazon, the expectation of the future interest rate is an important tool in its products pricing and payment scheme.Exchange rate Since Amazon is a US-based company, if the U. S. dollar weakens against foreign currencies, transactions conducted in foreign currency denominations will increase and inflate revenues, operating expenses, and net income. Moreover, one of Amazon’s corporate strategies are profit from lower pricing and large volume, which means the fluctuation of exchange rate could extremely influence Amazon’s pricing management. Social-cultural factors Figure 2 [pic] Source: gesterling. wordpress. com. From: http://webscience. org/web-observatory/about/tracking-explosive-growth/Data from Webscience. org indicates that growth of internet from 2004, the users internet increased dramatically by over 2 billion and this period is called social web stage. The social web media users including Facebook and Twitters account large amount of the population. This creates a new channel for promotion. It is good news for Amazon to expand their business and develop related marketing promotion through this new channel. Collaborations with these new social web like facebook and twitter means seizing huge potential customers and wider promotion chain.This part will be more detailed introduced in later SWOT analysis sector. Other cultural factors which play significant effects on Amazon’s operation is the habits of shopping online for public. In past, e-business sounds like a high-tech thing and is far away from public consumers. In 1996, the marketing and internet teams from IBM coined the term e-business and defined it as the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in support of all the activities of business. At beginning this kind of business activities are acceptable in high-tech industries and more popular between companies.With the development of internet and population of personal computer use, today all sectors especially individuals have been the main users in this business activities. The B2C or C2C business models could be seen everywhere in today’s online retailing and the awareness of shopping online is common and usual in our daily lives. Technological factors As mentioned before, from 1990s, the information evolution stimulated the science boom in the internet industry and this changed the communication forms of human beings. There is an increase in broadcasting, information and telecommunication technologies for internet access.Individuals today are more easy to receive information through Internet and they also search things and information on the web. This provides Amazon initials to set up a platform to carry out their business and web services. In addition, the trend of computerized office enables those big groups to seek web services from high-tech companies like IBM and Cisco. Amazon has first move advantages in this area. In 2002, Amazon launched Amazon Web Service (AWC) which provides programmatic access to latent features on its website. The demands of this kind of service help Amazon expand its business from traditional e-retailer to a wider market.And this part will be presented in later SWOT analysis. Environmental factors Power resource shortage It is well known that the global climate crisis has been a serious problem today and one of the most reasons for this problem is pollution from transportations like vehicle and bus. The lack of energy power like petrol and diesel also restricts people’s daily outdoor activities in a certain range. And these problems play positive effects on the e-retailing industry since customers can do purchasing before a computer. They do not need to drive miles to a super market in the town center.The convenience and energy saving makes certain influences when consumers doing a weekend purchasing. Customers are more concerned about whether their orders could arrive safely and timely. Therefore it is important for Amazon to improved their fulfillment center and logistic channel to provide best customer satisfaction and to reinforce their leadership in this industry. Legal factors There is no uniform regulations governing e-commerce in USA and UK but some related regulations like Data Protection Act in UK and Federal Trade Commission in USA may impact potential risk in Amazon’s operations, especially in its AWC web services.The mass surveillance scandal occurred in 2013 which is leaded by CIA and NSA in America. Although this kind of secret surveillance programs are always away from public eyes those international internet companies like Google could be involved in such sensitive cases. Amazon needs be aware of this kind of cases and at least keeps out from an affair. In addition, bad news revealed months before is that for Amazon in its China market is that the Chinese government may take actions to charge e-retailers taxes for their online transactions. China government had no clear tax payment act against the online purchase before.This will obviously influence those e-retailers in China market since they have to pay extra money if they still want a competitive pricing. For Amazon, it has to change its overall marketing strategy to prepare the future. Summary of PESTEL The analysis of PESTLE indicates an increasing and attractive market to be exploited by Amazon. The key drivers of changes enable Amazon to reposition its strategy in different levels. The increasing number of computer users means huge potential customers of its e-retailer business. The use of internet as a social networking channel has created new opportunities to be exploited.The global nature of Amazon’s activities also suggests that strategies developed should comply with the different legal obligations internationally. The possible regulations acted by Chinese government means Amazon has to change marketing strategies in its penetration to this huge market. 2. 2 Industry and competitive environment analysis - Porter’s Five Forces Model In this section, the operating environment will be taken a closer look at the e-retailer industry, to be more specific, the online bookstore and electronics industry which Amazon is mainly involved.The analysis is based on Michael Porter’s (1980) Five-Force model. Porter’s five forces consist of entry, threat of substitution, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and rivalry among current competitors. These five forces jointly determine the intensity of competition within the industry and in turn help firms to set their strategies. We will use the proposed Porter’s five forces model to the state of competition on the e-retailing industry analysis in order to understand the the intensity of competition. Threat of new entrantThreat of new entrants is low. It would be virtually impossible for a new company to reach the magnitude of inventory and status that Amazon. com maintains. Amazon. com has been in the internet marketplace for about thirteen years now- it would be extremely difficult for a start-up company in the industry to raise enough capital to even compete with Amazon. com on a lower level. Figure 3 [pic] Source: gesterling. wordpress. com Although the cost to set up a new online bookstore is not high and more and more big traditional merchants try to enter this market today.To following the trend of shopping online, even those supermarkets like Tesco could set up a similar website to compete with Amazon. However, Amazon has been in the internet marketplace for more than thirteen years and it has extremely built its first move advantages. Few competitors could raise enough capital to even compete with Amazon in a high level. Amazon also built its brand recognition in American and UK markets. Brand Recognition and customer loyalty may also make it difficult for a new entrant to compete.The mature technology platform, long tested web structure, mature supply chain and distribution chain, all of these construct barriers for new entrants to compete with Amazon (Harry M; Cristina L, 2009) . However, in some countries Amazon does not have its first move advantages. For example, in China the Dangdang. com is the first online bookstore and Taobao. com is the biggest online retailer. Amazon is late to enter this big market and lost its competitive advantages. So it is high threats from new entrants for Amazon in Chinese market and other countries which Amazon has not entered in early. Bargaining power of buyersThe bargaining power of buyers is relatively high. Due to thousands of e-retailers existing in the internet, Amazon’s customers have options to compare and choose which one is better. The price of books and electronic products today is transparent on the web. It means the cheaper price you offer, the more preferable customers you own. Fortunately since Amazon does not operate its physical retailers, it has lowered overheads cost and could pass these savings along to customers in the form of lower prices. Moreover, the quality of products is another important factor to affect customers’ purchasing.Thanks to the long-tested operations, Amazon enjoys a better reputation and good recognition in the online book retailing. When sometimes the Amazon’s price is equal to or even higher than other retailers, customer may choose Amazon in consideration of its better reputation. Bargaining power of supplier Amazon. com Inc 2011 Annual report acknowledges the impact the supplier possess, since the company does not have long-term arrangements with most of its suppliers to guarantee availability of merchandise or services. Bargaining power of supplier is relatively high in their electronic business sector.Amazons Low Cost strategy has made it difficult for it to buy electronic products in lower prices from distributors since today more and more brands have set up their own direct sale store online. Threat of product substitute With the population of mobile and high integration of personal terminal devices, customers receive information more easily; this is not a good news for the book sale on Amazon’s online bookstore. Threats from iTunes and iBook also effect e-books and CD/DVD sales in the Kindles. Moreover, physical bookstores have an established brand in their brick and mortar business.Customers may not be satisfied with the shopping experience. In addition, with the technology developing, people’s reading habit may get changed and this could certainly influence Amazon’s traditional book sales. Intensity of competitors Resulted from Amazon’s diversification strategy, its products portfolio is covering many industries like books, electronics and other goods. Therefore Amazon faces high rivalry from competitors in different industries. In the electronic products sector, Amazon does not enjoy a success in the market. The serious problem of privacy leads Amazon’s CD and DVD products’ poor sales.With more and more brands set up their own direct-sale store on the internet, those digital products like PC and camera in Amazon can not keep its price advantage. Figure 4 [pic] Source: gigaom. com , from: http://gigaom. com/2010/09/24/e-book-numbers-hint-at-amazon-domination/ Amazon owns unique competitive advantages in its online bookstore markets especially in the e-book segment. In this sector, Kindle, an electronic reading device developed by Amazon needs to be analyzed. This device was unveiled in 2007 and it enabled customers to download book, magazine, newspaper and blogs.There are over 90 thousand books available in the Kindle in the beginning. By 2008 Kindle became a top selling product in Amazon’s electronic products and over 190 thousand books are available (Gary J. Stockport, 2009). The chart above shows the market share of Kindle in e-book segment. Kindle built a tight connections between readers and Amazon and it provides more potential customers for Amazon retailer. Kindle has been an important tool for Amazon reinforcing its leader position in the online bookstore. 2. 3 Internal environment analysis- SWOT Strengths Cost leadership strategy. Amazon has mature systems to control its cost and o deliver customers lower prices with better quality than competitors do. No overhead cost of physical retailer and high bargaining power to suppliers enables Amazon to maintain price advantages against competitors. Efficient logistics and distribution. Amazon has a number of fulfillment warehouses in each market it operates. The warehouses are geographically spread in each country so the goods could be dispatched faster and with lower cost. Advanced technology. Amazon invests lot of money in technology development including long tested platform and superior web services for customers. Weaknesses No physical store.Although this could brings less cost, no physical store may caused Amazon to lose a number of customers who prefer doing shopping in physical stores. The large budget on RD program and platform running. It needs a lot of money to keep the running of Amazon’s platform. And some of high technology results can not achieve to be profitable in the short term. Opportunities Amazon marketplace payment system. The payment system provides Amazon a fixed financial tool and cash to expand its business. Access to more brands and products. Amazon could benefit from a wide range of products and brands through its marketplace and online retailer platform.Increasing services and product portfolio through acquisitions. Amazon expands its business through acquisitions to other industries. The skills and business acquired from alliance help Amazon reach a diversification goal. The mature logistics and distribution channel. The construction of its own logistics and distribution channels not only builds an efficient shipping but also provides opportunities to easier access to other industries. Rise of social web. The sharply rise of social web like Facebook and Twitter provides Amazon a more efficient media channel to its market promotion. Threats Online transaction fraud.Amazon stores its online shoppers’ personal information, such as bank account details, which might lead to payment fraud. And the Amazon marketplace business could also be maliciously used by some merchants. Negative actions from governments. Governments may set up actions to charge tax for e-retailer merchants, for example in Chinese market. And the e-retailer platform may be used to tax avoidance by some users. Suitability of Amazon’s corporate strategies In this section, the strategic position based on Amazon’s business environment analysis will be deployed to evaluate the suitability of Amazon’s strategy in corporate level.To make objective and rational judgment, some Amazon’s corporate strategies which reflected in its particular business activities will be identified. Corporate-level strategy is concerned with the overall purpose and scope of an organization and how value will be added to the different parts of the organization (Jim Riley, 2011). It means corporate strategies are used to plan the long-term direction for the organization as a whole; it deals with capabilities including financial capital, human resources and RD sources. Amazon states its mission as to be Earth’s most customer centric company.In this section, three main corporate strategies will be described and their suitablilties based on strategic positions will evaluated. If not suitable, some recommendations will be developed. 3. 1 Growth through lower cost structure and lower prices. In a letter to customers Jeff Bezos (CEO and founder of Amazon) states his corporate goals: There are two types of companies: those that work hard to charge customers more and those that work hard to charge customers less. Both approaches can work. We are firmly in the second camp. Deliver best value to customers is one of the core strategies of Amazon to make it success.Figure 5 [pic] Source: www. amazon. co. uk , from: amazon. co. uk/b? ie=UTF8node=2610308031 The figure above shows Amazon’s core strategy and its business model. The lower prices and better services could be the best feedback to customers and these welfares have to be based on its lower cost structure. Amazon is well known as the cost leadership in the industry and it certainly delivers customers lower price and better service. The goal of cost leadership strategy is to produce products and services with a lower cost than the competitors do.It seems like only a company possessing customer centric could survive in today’s marketing orientation environment in any cases. To reach customers satisfaction, Amazon not only provides lower prices but also pushes off serious of promotion. Kindle is good example welfare bringing benefits to customers. As introduced in the Five Forces analysis before, Kindle brings convenience and benefits for readers around the world and profits Amazon by attracting numbers of potential customers. Another successful tool developed by Amazon is Prime.A brief introduction of Prime is: Paying $79 annually, customers get unlimited movie and TV streaming, one free borrowed e-book per month, and automatic two-day shipping on nearly everything you buy (Amazon. com, 2008). At the beginning, Amazon provided free Prime promotion when purchasing of the company’s bestselling Kindle Fire. And this made the Prime members dramatically increase to 10 million by 2012 (Consumer Intelligence Research Partners (CIRP). Prime created a $79 switch costs for customers if they chose to shop elsewhere. Reports from CIRP (2012) also found that, thosePrime members annually spent more than twice as much on average ($1,224) than non-Prime customers ($505). Adding in the $79 membership fee, Prime members brought nearly $800 more in sales per customer to Amazon. And adding cost of those benefits like unlimited movie and TV streaming, Prime members brought far more $79 profits to Amazon and they also benefited from this Prime project. It is a win-win situation for both Amazon and customers. Most Amazon’s promotions are effective and really bring customers benefits. However sometimes wrong forms of promotion could negatively impact a company’s marketing strategy.As analyzed in the PESTLE sector, in some countries where Amazon is late to enter, Amazon’s lower price strategy is not suitable for these markets. Since Amazon does not have its own physical store, it is difficult for Amazon to compete with those local brands. The excessive price strategy might cause a price war, which may result in a cut-throat competition. If Amazon does not have the first move advantage in an international expansion, the better pricing strategy is not simply lower than its competitors. Since Amazon is an international organization over the world, it is easily affected by the fluctuation of the exchange rate.In the PESTLE analysis, it analyses the fluctuation of exchange rate could make Amazon difficult to manage its pricing strategy. The simple lower price strategy is not suitable for today’s changing economic environment and Amazon has to engage for a balance between lower prices and profits in consideration of marketing environment. 3. 2 Technological innovation strategies Figure 6 [pic] Source: www. atkearney. com From: atkearney. com/paper/-/asset_publisher/dVxv4Hz2h8bS/content/finding-what-every-ict-services-provider-craves-healthy-profits/1019 [pic] Source: William Blair; The Economist.From: economist. com/node/21530980/print When Bezos was asked by the question what is the main difference between conventional retail and his business, the answer was the most important thing in retail is location and in his business is technology’. Amazon believed technology could help to offer better customer experience, to improve efficiency, to ultimately lower operating costs and enables the company to offer lower prices to customers. And they did continually invest on the technology innovation. From 2007 to 2009, it spent a number of major technological achievements on Kindle and AWC development.The figure 6 indirectly indicates the increasing spend in IT industry. For Internet companies, advanced technology is the core competitiveness. In the previous PESTLE analysis, Amazon’s strategic position on the technological factor determines that it can not fall behind those competitors like Google and Apple in the intensive competitive environment. Falling behind means you have to be eliminated, an old adage that said. Science and technology constitutes a primary productive force in 21 century, especially for those internet companies (Teece, David J, 2010).The most disruptive technological innovations by Amazon could be the Amazon Web Service (AWC). One of the most important products in AWC is Amazon’s cloud. And a number of big technology companies including Google and IBM have already embraced the cloud computing revolution. However, Amazon is commonly regarded as being the most popular and more commercialized than any of its competitor’s offerings (Gary J. Stockport, 2009). In a recent research, Barb Darrow (2013) suggests that Amazon’s cloud is bigger, more profitable than we think. Figure 7 [pic] From: slashgear. om/apple-icloud-vs-google-music-beta-vs-amazon-cloud-drive-07157822/ Figure 7 shows the total cloud market share is estimated to be $820 billion in 2014 and this number will steady increase in future. Figure 8 indicates that the gross profit of AWS could be $14. 8 billion in 2012, which accounts for a large proportion in Amazon’s overall profits. AWC is not only a strategic weapon that gives Amazon competitive advantages but also creates real income for the group. Good performance of Amazon’s technological achievement ensures its suitability in its technological innovation strategy. Figure 8 pic] From:http://seekingalpha. com/article/964201-amazons-stock-price-is-benefiting-from-irrational-exuberance 3. 3 Diversification and Marketing development strategies Amazon engages to offer customers all goods and services to meet their demands. Reviewing Amazon’s history, it started from an online bookseller to a diversified international organization and has been the largest e-retailer on the Internet today. The development of this great company is accompanied by the diversification of its product line and the strategy of diversification has been a core driver of its future directions.In this section, three types of diversification strategy of Amazon will be analyzed and evaluated in considering its strategic positions. There are millions of items sold in Amazon category ranging from books, electronics and so on. According to the PESTLE analysis and Five Forces Model, the complete retail goods line not only attracts millions of customers every year but also provides Amazon competitive advantages in a intensive rivalry. Research from Tommy D (2009) suggests that customer prefer to choose e-retailer that could provide more items since its convenience and reliability.In addition, the increasing products of books and video reinforce Amazon’s leader position in the online bookstore market and build brand recognition and customers loyalty. With the increasing numbers of brands sales in Amazon retail, it is easier for Amazon’s access more brands and this could increases its bargaining power against supplier, which means lower cost and lower prices for customers. Despite from Amazon retail, the diversification strategies are implemented in Amazon’s other related industries, for example, the fulfillment warehousing and payment system. The fulfillment and warehousing help Amazon construct ts complete logistics and distribution channel. The development of Amazon’s warehousing locations makes it easier to access to the express industry, which is an opportunity to enter other industries (Yogeshn, 2010). The payment system of Amazon Marketplace and Amazon retail could be a powerful financial tool which provides not only sustainable cash but also other hidden benefits. It is suggested that Amazon should pay more attention on its payment system. Its main competitor in US market, e-bay, developed pay-pal as a important payment tool in American customers’ daily purchasing activities.To achieve its diversification strategy, Amazon also did a lot of acquisitions and alliances. Over the 2007 to early 2009 period, strategically aligned acquisitions and alliances remained a key way for Amazon to pursue technology development. Through new skills and expertise from acquisitions, Amaz

History of the Internet and Inventor Tim Berners-Lee

History of the Internet and Inventor Tim Berners-Lee Before there was the public internet there was the internets forerunner ARPAnet or Advanced Research Projects Agency Networks. ARPAnet was funded by the United States military after the cold war with the aim of having a military command and control center that could withstand a nuclear attack. The point was to distribute information between geographically dispersed computers. ARPAnet created the TCP/IP communications standard, which defines data transfer on the internet today. The ARPAnet opened in 1969 and was quickly usurped by civilian computer nerds who had now found a way to share the few great computers that existed at that time. Father of the Internet Tim Berners-Lee Tim Berners-Lee was the man leading the development of the World Wide Web (with help of course), the defining of HTML (hypertext markup language) used to create web pages, HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), and URLs (Universal Resource Locators). All of those developments took place between 1989 and 1991. Tim Berners-Lee was born in London, England and graduated in Physics from Oxford University in 1976. He is currently the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium, the group that sets technical standards for the web. Besides Tim Berners-Lee, Vinton Cerf is also named as an internet daddy. Ten years out of high school, Vinton Cerf began co-designing and co-developing the protocols and structure of what became the internet. History of HTML Vannevar Bush first proposed the basics of hypertext in 1945. Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, HTML (hypertext markup language), HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) and URLs (Universal Resource Locators) in 1990. Tim Berners-Lee was the primary author of html, assisted by his colleagues at CERN, an international scientific organization based in Geneva, Switzerland. Origin of Email Computer engineer, Ray Tomlinson invented internet-based email in late 1971.

Is there such a thing as genuine emotion Discuss with reference to the Essay - 1

Is there such a thing as genuine emotion Discuss with reference to the concept of emotional labour in the workplace - Essay Example Many CEOs believed that emotions would get in the way of managers being able to make good decisions (Grandey, 2000). Research has shown however, that emotions can be a very positive aspect of the workplace and can be used to meet organizational goals. In his play, â€Å"As You Like It,† Shakespeare wrote, â€Å"All the world’s a stage and all the men and women merely players †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shakespeare, 2003). If this is true, then each of us is an emotional actor who plays various roles upon the state of home, work and the community. At home with family and friends, we act one way and with friends we act in a different way. In the workplace, most people have a totally different persona because they want to do their best and they may feel that emotions make them vulnerable. The challenge is that the average person cannot leave who they are totally at home; they will bring some of who they are to the workplace and this includes their emotions. According to Grandey (2000) emotional labor can involve â€Å"enhancing, faking or suppressing emotions to modify the emotional expression† (p. 95). Emotional labor has display rules that decide how emotions are to be expressed inside the organization. The rules may be told in some way to employees through training materials or they may be learned by observing other co-workers. There may be specific emotions that must be used in specific situations in organizations. As an example, anyone working in customer service will need to smile and be friendly to customers in order to keep customers happy. This is one example of how emotions come into an organization and can be used successfully. There are many theories about emotional labor in the workplace. The first theory began with Hochschild in 1983. Hochschild is a sociologist and saw emotional labor as â€Å"the management of feeling to create a publicly observable facial and bodily display† (Grandey, 2000, p. 96). He observed this from the perspective of the

Personal Learning Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Learning Profile - Essay Example feel delighted with certain courses that have been helping me to acquire useful life skills that can be of much value to me in tackling day to day challenges. In order to know much about myself, I had to carry out a self assessment. This, I did by keeping a daily journal throughout the semester. I was decided to take such an initiative because it is a better way of recording every event, activity and incident that could help me to evaluate my strengths and weaknesses. Actually, I later realized that the keeping of this journal was a good idea for me because it enabled me to exactly know what kind of student I really am (Roberts, 2006). Even if the journal enabled me to prove some of the earlier beliefs I had about myself, it also gave me a platform to learn about different qualities that I never thought I possess. Such knowledge was a clear indication that before then, I had a different version of myself. The first view I had of myself before the evaluating the journal is that I have been a very hard working student. All along, I had been yearning to be an economist. So, by managing to enroll for this course, I knew that I had already achieved my goal. In my opinion, this success did not come by chance, but was purely based on my hard work. May be, if I was not an industrious student, I would not have made it to the higher level of learning. I was as well convinced of my hard work since I had been excelling in this course and Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) that I have been studying. For a very long time, I have not been scoring dismal marks in my examinations. These are the reasons why I had assumed that I am a hardworking student. I would like to categorically state that the same thing was confirmed by my journal. After carefully and objectively evaluating my journal, I confirmed that I have actually been a hard working student. The daily records in my journal indicated that I have been spending a lot of time studying and working on the quizzes given by my

Compare wongs pragmatic classroom kagan kyle and scott win win discipline and morrishs real discipline Essay Example for Free

Compare wongs pragmatic classroom kagan kyle and scott win win discipline and morrishs real discipline Essay Clear guidelines on how to prepare are defined for each time of the day. Procedures are divided into periods to facilitate implementation in class. Teachers are also directed on preparation in the summer before classes start for the year. Procedures will stay the same this reduces behavior problems and keeps the focus on learning and educating. Teachers understand the boundaries of their control; the teacher can focus on being proactive to prevent problems rather than wasting time reacting to problems she could anticipate. Any teacher can implement the theory of the practical classroom without concern for over- or under-reaching with students. students’ accomplishments are pretentious by the procedures used. †¢ This philosophy has a solid positions that are shared with the students †¢ A Comparison of Discipline Models Wong’s Pragmatic Classroom Kagan, Kyle, and Scott’s win-win discipline Morrish’s Real Discipline Compare and Contrast †¢ Students are given the choose to what they feel is good for them to do. †¢ Students, teacher and parents are involved in the rule making. †¢ Help students understand each other’s responsibilities along with what the teacher’s responsibilities are. †¢ Discipline is something that the win-win problem does not do to students. †¢ Corrects the situation, which allows the students to come up better actions, which will result in acceptable behavior. †¢ According to Morrish’s real discipline children can only learn SELF DISCIPLINE through experience. †¢ Morrish further states that when children enter school they do not have the knowledge on behaving properly. †¢ With the Three theories they all have the similarity that the teachers and students are involved in the learning process of the required discipline. Strengths †¢ Students, Teachers and parents all work together to establish the rules to have a better school experience. †¢ Teachers help students behave which is acceptable behavior to their teacher. †¢ Win-win discipline is to help students develop log-term, self-managed responsibility. †¢ Morrish rewards occasionally the students for behaving correctly. †¢ Morrish gives students courage that they may not have when working through issues that are sensitive. †¢Weakness †¢ There is too much compromise between teacher and student when establishing the classroom rules. †¢ Teachers are too limited on what they can do to prevent disruptions. †¢ The program is most effective if it is implemented from the first day of school until the last day of school. †¢ Morrish overstates the role of the teacher. â€Å"The because I said so† response. †¢ Morrish believes that teachers who praise children to build up their self-esteem actually do more harm than good. †¢ Morris is against giving students the freedom to choose

Progressivism :: The Progressives

The progressive believed that by applying a more uncorrupt form of democracy they could in fact fix the already corrupt democracy especially at the state and city levels. The progressives believed that if given a chance the majority of voters would elect honest respectable officials unlike those elected by the corrupt political machine but to do this they needed people to vote. So they compiled numerous methods for increasing the participation of the average citizen in political decisions. The secret ballot box, by using the method adopted by the Australians the voter would not be manipulated by the political party that would affect a voters decision by standing next to a ballot box and intimidating him or her. This method was first accepted by Massachusetts in 1888 and proved to be really popular by 1910 all voting states adopted this method. The progressive governor of Wisconsin Robert La Follete introduced the method of direct primaries in which the majority vote would elect the p arty candidates for the state and federal offices. This method was used to try to minimize the power of political bosses to try to keep the corrupt officials from gaining office once again. The direct election of state senators was also a plus for the progressives for many years the senators had been selected by the vote of the state legislature. The corrupt state legislature would then of course vote for the corrupt official for senate. After a while the senate begun to look like a club for the rich man. In 1913 the seventeenth amendment required all that all U.S senators be elected by the popular vote. By calling for Initiative, referendum, and recall the Progressives allowed by initiative to take part in the process of having a legislature pass a bill, to allow voters to vote on proposed laws on their ballots by way of referendum, and finally recall which allowed voters to remove an unsatisfactory politician from office by majority vote before the end of his or her term.

Is Marxism Still Relevant Today?

The Industrial Revolution (1750-1850) had brought about significant changes in agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and technology and subsequently established an era of unprecedented economic growth in capitalist economies. It was within this era that Karl Marx had observed the deprivation and inequality experienced by men of the proletariat, the working class, who had laboured excessively for hours under inhumane conditions to earn a minimum wage while the bourgeoisie, the capitalist class, reaped the benefits.For Marx it was this fundamental inequality within the social and economic hierarchy that had enabled capitalist societies to function. While Marx’s theories, in many instances have been falsified and predictions invalid, his ideas about class struggle and conflict being a motivator for change is still relevant in contemporary society. The disparity of wealth between occupations in Australia demonstrates that class stratification is still inherent within society and the recent Qantas airline dispute is a relevant example of this.Marx’s theory of class struggle originates with his belief that â€Å"the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles† (Marx & Engel, 1848). Marx had established that conflict between classes was the key driving force of history and the main determinant of social change. For Marx, conflict originates with the deterioration of a ‘false consciousness’ and the subsequent acquisition of a unified ‘class consciousness’.Marx argued that that proletariat was under the influence of a ‘false consciousness’ brought about with the acceptance of the dominant ideology that freedom and equality could be interpreted as an equal exchange of labour for wages (van Krieken et al. , 2010). Marx however, perceived this as an exploitive relationship because in capitalism, the labourer only receives what is deemed sufficient to meet his basic needs for himself and his family, as opposed to the real value of his labour power.Marx had identified that the difference between the labourer’s wage and the value of the goods in which he produces is taken as profit, of which only the capitalist is the beneficiary (Habibis & Walter, 2009). Marx had theorised that, as a result of this exploitive relationship, alienation would occur. Marx argued that commodification of goods and services produced in conjunction with the lack of control over the end result would mean that workers would no longer recognise a connection with their labour, and hence become alienated from their labour.Only with the recognition of class exploitation and alienation would a class consciousness develop. Marx referred to class consciousness as a ‘class for itself’, denoting a collective self-awareness of the interests shared by members of a social group (van Krieken et al. , 2010). Marx predicted that class consciousness would create a conflict of interest between classes and revolution would eventuate. The bourgeoisie would be overthrown, capitalism would collapse and a classless state would emerge as its successor (van Krieken et al. , 2010). In post-modern times however, it is widely accepted that the opposite occurred.Critics insist that Marxism’s credibility was eradicated with the fall of the communist states within the ‘Eastern Bloc’. While others such as China, although still governed by a communist party, have adopted numerous capitalist policies (van Krieken et al. , 2010). Marxism has also been criticised for its over-concentration on economic relationships and its tendency to overlook other forms of non-economic conflicts (Griffith, 2005). Feminists, for example, argue that the conflicts between male and female relations are not necessarily related to economics, but patriarchal.Furthermore, Marx like other social theorists at the time had ignored the role and contribution of women. Marx had described the proletariat of industrial societies where manual labour was involved; he did not however, take into consideration a woman’s domestic or reproductive labour. Federici (2004) asserts that Marx failed to recognise the importance of reproductive labour because he had adopted the capitalist criteria for what constitutes labour and believed that a wage in exchange for labour would be the paradigm that shapes humanity. Considering that as of 2010, 45. % of the Australian labour force comprised of women it would seem that Marx’s socialist perspective is less so equal or relevant in contemporary society. Marxism is often cited as being irrelevant within contemporary society due to the fact that Marx had critiqued an almost incomparable society. McDonald & Brownlee (2001) argue that contemporary society exists in a post-modern era where westernised societies enjoy the benefits of higher living standards, where the rights of employees are elicited within the Austra lian Constitution and the rights of humans are dictated within Geneva conventions.An era where employees are entitled to government pensions, allowances, superannuation, and employees accrue sick and annual leave (McDonald & Brownlee, 2001). Furthermore employees are able to seek union representation and are legally entitled to industrial action. McDonald and Brownlee (2001) assert that Fair Work Australia, established as an institution responsible for fixating minimum wage and resolving work related disputes, perpetuates the notion that Australia is in transition to become an egalitarian society with minimal class disparity.Critics have also argued that Marxism within western society is no longer relevant due to the increased levels of social mobility. Social mobility refers to movement in an individual’s or group’s social position over time and is often assessed on their change in income over time (Borgatta & Montogomery, 2000). The traditional stratification of clas ses had a tendency to overlook the middle class and analyse the two extremes of rich and poor, bourgeoisie and proletariat (van Krieken et al. 2010). In the context of Marxism, the middle class was ignored due to their perceived limited role within the political revolution that would depose of capitalism. In contemporary society however, the traditional labouring occupations have decreased, leading to a shortage of skilled labourers and tradesman. As a result these occupations often earn a higher income, blurring the line between working class and middle class (Braverman, 1974).In August 2011 the most common occupations were distinctly white collar with the workforce comprising of 22% professionals, 15% Clerical and administrative workers and 14% Technicians and trades workers (Australian Bureau Statistics, 2011). The evident emergence of the white collar-middle class within contemporary society significantly undermines Marx’s theory of class stratification who had predicted an absorption into the working class and the emergence of a classless state. Despite this however, research has suggested that social mobility has not necessarily increased.Graetz and McAllister (1994) identified that while the shift between manual and non-manual occupations has increased since the 1970’s, most of this has been the result of structural changes in light of technological innovations and advancements in modern society, as opposed to mobility in social classes. Moreover, Leigh (2007) argues that the youth of Australia are equally likely to reproduce, or not reproduce, the class of their parents and that social mobility in the context of Australian youth, has not necessarily increased.Argy (2005) reinforces this argument and states that while Australia can be referred to as economically liberated country, there has not necessarily been an increase in equal opportunity and the distribution of wealth within Australia is an evident example of this. The National Centr e for Social and Economic Modelling (NATSEM) was commissioned to conduct a study in relation to the distribution of wealth in Australia. NATSEM analyst Simon Kelly (2002) reported that the richest fifth of households in Australia each have, on average, forty times more wealth than the poorest fifth of the population.The NATSEM data reiterates that wealth within Australia is still concentrated in the hands of the wealthy minority who have ascertained the benefits of the economic growth in recent years by disproportionately increasing their personal wealth (Stillwell & Primrose, 2011). The disparity of wealth between occupations was a key indicator of the inequality between classes. NATSEM data identified that personal wealth is the highest for managers and administrators (men $250,000, women $183,300) and professionals (men $173,800, women $99,700).In contrast to these figures, the lowest personal wealth is held by the production and transport workers ($55,400), labourers (men 39,700 , women $29,300) and trade persons (men 60,000, women 35,000) (Stillwell & Primrose, 2011). From a sociological perspective class inequality is often represented by comparing class personal wealth and income. From a Marxism perspective however, a person’s social class isn’t defined by personal wealth but rather the level of control that a person wields over the means of production.According to Ben Hillier (2012) it is measured in terms of social wealth derived from the â€Å"control of the productive or financial apparatus of society†. This can be interpreted as the bourgeoisie having ownership of the assets that enable modern society to function such as the telecommunications infrastructure, electrical companies, newspaper enterprises, transport facilities and mines etc. The transactional influence of these assets inevitably provides its owner with the power to influence governments of capitalist societies and effects how society functions.The recent Qantas air ways dispute demonstrated how this power is exercised. One recent example of class conflict inherent within Australian society was the Qantas airways dispute. On 29th October 2011, Qantas CEO Alan Joyce issued a press release announcing the immediate grounding and cancellation of all Australian domestic and international flights and the lock-out of all employees without pay. Leading up to the unprecedented grounding, Qantas had been involved in contract negotiations with unions representing employees of the company.The unions were seeking a 3-5% wage increase and better job security for casual staff. (Mulcahy, 2011). Around the same time Qantas had announced its decision to slash 1000 jobs and restructure its fleet to move to Asia under a new airline Jetstar Japan. The traditional international routes within the North Atlantic were operating at a loss with a half year profit of $241 million a year ago, dropping by 83%, to $42 million (Ryan, 2012). Despite the evident decline in prof it the airlines had awarded Alan Joyce with a 71% lift in his total remuneration package to $5. 1 million, after he received $2. million worth of shares (Mulcahy, 2011). After two days the debacle finally ended with the intervention of the Federal government submitting an application to Fair Work Australia (FWA), terminating the industrial dispute and ordering Qantas to resume operations. The verdict stated that those involved had 21 days to finalise a settlement to the dispute and neither party could engage in further action for three years after a settlement had been made. If an agreement could not be reached the Fair Work industrial courts would arbitrate the details of the contracts (Mulcahy, 2011).The economic impact was expected to be profound, Qantas which represents approximately 65% of the aviation industry, contributes $6 billion to the Australian economy and employs 50,000 employees (Squires, 2011). Although Qantas reports that the dispute cost them $120 million, its shar e prices increased by 6% to $1. 61 (Frith, 2011). The controversy attracted much political and economic commentary speculating on who won the dispute and what this would mean for those involved. Alan Joyce explicitly stated that the FWA ruling was a favourable decision for Qantas as â€Å"nobody any more can take industrial action† (Taylor, 2011).This thereby would allow Qantas to restructure its fleet in Asia, ascertaining cheaper wages by outsourcing and offshoring labour, without any internal opposition. The unions established to represent the working class of businesses and corporations would be made obsolete for three years allowing any injustices within the workplace to remain unresolved. From a Marxist perspective this would mean that the bourgeoisie of the company, the CEO and high profile managers, who already have exceeding high salaries, would profit from the new means of production and the proletariat would be further disadvantaged with pay cuts and the isk of red undancy. Karl Marx’s critique of industrial societies developed out of the belief that conflict between stratified classes such as the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, would be the drive needed to perpetuate social change. Marx believed that with the acquisition of a class consciousness the proletariat would revolt against the exploitative capitalist institution, eradicating all class structures and establishing a socialist state. Admittedly, Marx’s critique failed to recognise essential components of society such as the middle class and female representation which has significantly undermined Marx’s theory of class struggle.Furthermore Marx’s predictions have been falsified in light of modern developments which have led to many critics casting doubt on its relevance within contemporary society. The higher living standards, government allowances and union representation enjoyed by citizens within Australia all perpetuate notions of equality and repudiate the potential collapse of capitalism. Despite this however, there are still many instances of class inequality inherent in Australian society.The disparity of wealth between occupations in Australia demonstrates that the minority with extreme wealth have control over the means of production, and have used the power derived from it to influence society’s development. The recent Qantas dispute is a testament of how this power is exercised and demonstrates how the wealthy minority are able to accumulate excess wealth at the expense of the labouring class. Thus attesting to the inherent class inequality that Marx had recognised, and acknowledging its existence within contemporary Australian society. ?